Подготовка к разделу "Экология"

Weather

1. Indian summer

2. Boiling hot

3. Overcast

4. Drizzle

5. Slippery

6. Moderate

7. Pour

8. Heatwave

9. Dry

10. Hot

11. Mild

12. Warm

13. Wet

14. Humid

15. Mist

16. Leaf - leaves

17. Sunshine

18. Thunderstorm

19. Can rise up to ___ degrees

20. About ____ below zero

21. In the south/west/north/east

22. Shines brightly

23. Go sunbathing

24. Nice weather lifts my mood

25. Spoil my mood

26. In a good mood

27. Feel depressed/excited

28. Feel fresh and full of energy

29. It can be quite warm/hot

30. Frosty

31. Hailstorm

32. In summer/winter/autumn (fall)/ spring

Наречия также образуются с помощью -er, more/most. Если наречие заканчивается на -ly, то мы образуем с помощью слов more/most.

Исключения:

Early-earlier-earliest

Comparisons. Степени сравнения

Вариант Weather

№1

1. Different types of weather can be a good match.

2. My favourite weather allows me to enjoy sports.

3. I enjoy moderate weather.

4. My favourite weather helps me to feel calm.

5. I like brilliant sunshine with a chill in the air.

6. It helps me to withstand heat.

7. You should take precautions in this kind of weather.

№10

1. Harvest 2. Etymology 3. Toxicity 4.Growing Indoors 5. Breeding 6. Cultivation

7. Culinary uses 8. History

A. The avocado originated in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The native undomesticated variety is small, with dark black skin, and contains a large seed. The oldest evidence of avocado use was found in a cave located in Coxcatlon, Mexico, that dates to around 10,000 BC. The avocado tree also has a long period of cultivation in Central and South America. A water jar shaped like an avocado, dating to AD 900, was discovered in the pre-Incan city of Chan Chan.

B. The word ‘avocado’ comes from the Spanish ‘aguacate’. Avocados were known by the Aztecs as ‘the fertility fruit’. In some countries of South America, such as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay, the avocado is known by its Quechua name ‘pal-ta’. The fruit is sometimes called an ‘avocado pear’ or ‘alligator pear’ due to its shape and the rough green skin. It is known as ‘Butter Fruit’ in parts of India.

C. The avocado tree does not tolerate freezing temperatures, and can be grown only in subtropical or tropical climates. High winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flowers, and affect pollination. When even a mild frost occurs, premature fruit drop may occur, although the Hass cultivar can tolerate temperatures down to 1°C. The trees also need well-aerated soils, ideally more than 1 m deep. Yield is reduced when the irrigation water is highly saline. These soil and climate conditions are available only in a few areas of the world.

D. An average avocado tree produces about 500 avocados annually. Commercial orchards produce an average of seven tonnes per hectare each year, with some orchards achieving 20 tonnes per hectare. The avocado is a climacteric fruit, which means it matures on the tree, but ripens off the tree. Avocados that fall off the tree ripen on the ground. Generally, the fruit is picked once it reaches maturity. Avocados used in commerce are picked hard and green and kept in coolers until they reach their final destination.

E. Avocados are often grown from pits. This is done by removing the pit from a ripe, unrefrigerated avocado. The pit is then stabbed with three or four tooth picks, about one third of the way up. The pit is placed in a jar or vase with tepid water. In four to six weeks, it should split and out should come roots and a sprout. Once the stem has grown a few inches, it is placed in a pot with soil. It should be watered every few days. Avocados have been known to grow large, so owners must be ready to repot the plant several times.

F. The fruit is not sweet, but fatty, and distinctly yet subtly flavoured. It is used in both savoury and sweet dishes, though in many countries not for both. The avocado is very popular in vegetarian cuisine as substitute for meats because of its high fat content. Generally, avocado is served raw, though some cultivars can be cooked for a short time without becoming bitter. In Ethiopia, avocados are made into juice by mixing them with sugar and milk or water. Avocados are also used to make salads.

G. Avocado leaves, bark, skin, or pit are documented to be harmful to animals. Cats, dogs, cattle, goats, rabbits, rats, birds, fish, and horses can be severely harmed or even killed when they consume them. Avocado leaves contain a fatty acid derivative, persin, which in sufficient quantity can cause equine colic and, without veterinary treatment, death. Birds also seem to be particularly sensitive to this compound. Feeding avocados to any animal should be avoided completely. Negative effects in humans seem to be primarily in allergic individuals.

11

As the saying goes ... ‘water, water, everywhere.’ Well, how much water is there; where is this water; how does it move around?

It’s hard to imagine what it’s like to not have clean water to drink. Water is not evenly divided around the world. Some places have lots and others have very little. Water supply is a big problem in some countries. Some people in Africa carry water from a hole ___ (A). This water source might not even be in their town and they will have to travel to get it. Some kids wrote about how they have dirty water at their school and sometimes kids get sick from drinking it. We wonder ___ (B).

We thought that the United States didn’t have any of those problems but we were wrong. Appalachia, in the southern part of the United States, has some homes ___ (C).

In Arizona, the Central Arizona Project gets water piped in from the Colorado River. This is a problem for the places that used to get most of the Colorado River water ___ (D). There are rules about how much water can be taken out of rivers. Some rivers in the West have reached that limit. There are ‘water wars’ where people argue over ___ (E).

The problem of water supply keeps a lot of people looking for new ways to use water better. Every time we use it, we take water away from the Earth. We know how it flows on the surface and underground ___ (F). In the past few years, many households have been using rain barrels attached to the downspout of their gutters to store and use rain water for the lawn and garden. If we don’t spend that extra five minutes in the shower, or run the water when we brush our teeth, we can make a difference!

1. who has the right to use the water carry care about
2. which provide people with most of the water
3. that is bored or dug into the ground
4. that still don’t have running water
5. until it gets to us
6. what we can do about this
7. because they can’t get as much now

A managed forest is a place where 

1. people can plant trees but they are not allowed to cut them down.2. people can plant and cut down trees. 3. people can neither plant nor cut down trees.

Speaking. Questions

1. What’s the weather like usually in autumn in your hometown?

2. Is there any part of your country where it doesn’t rain much?

3. What’s your favourite season? And why?

4. Does the weather ever affect your mood?

5. What was the weather like yesterday?

September Mood in England

19 It’s Monday morning and Miss Williams walks into her office. Her holiday is over and she  (just) to work. RETURN

20 She looks brown, relaxed and  than usual. HAPPY

21 The other girls stand round her. ‘Where  (you)?’ one of the girls asks. GO

22 ‘Italy, not far from Naples. I enjoyed it very much.’ she answers,  _____ happily. SMILE

23 Her boss, Mr. Wetridge comes in ten minutes later. He looks a bit worried because he _______ about the winter. THINK

24 Central heating ______  in his house five years ago and now it’s time to have it repaired. INSTALL

25 Besides, his wife wants him to put in double glazing. But she ______ that to double-glaze all the windows will cost quite a lot of money. NOT UNDERSTAND

Russian Weather

Russian weather, particularly for foreigners, seems to be clouded in myths and legends. Russia is a huge country, spanning its ___ (CLIMATE) zones from polar arctic to subtropical and everything in between.

The capital of Russia, Moscow, has a continental climate, with great ___ (VARY) in temperature between winter and summer months.

In mid summer, during July and August, temperatures are pleasantly warm, with ___ (OCCASION) hot spells.

Winters differ ___ (DRASTIC), with only about six hours of daylight in the middle of the season and temperatures recorded at way below freezing point.

The image of Moscow weather is so dominated by the snow that ___ (VISIT) often underestimate the warmth of Moscow summers.

While the summer attracts the ___ (MAJOR) of tourists, many Moscow residents would suggest spring and early autumn as the best time to visit Moscow.

Ответы на вариант «Погода»

1. 314726 (Вариант 5)

№10. Harvest,etymology (вариант 6 ) 8261473

11 Water, water (вариант 6) 364715

1. September Mood in England

• Has just returned

• Happier than

• Did you go

• Smiling

• Is thinking

• Was installed

• Doesn’t understand

Russian Weather ( вариант 8)

• Climatic

• Variation

• Occasionally

• Drastically

• Visitors

• Majority