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John: Hi guys,
How much do you know about the UK? We’ll refresh your memory and start our lesson today with a short quiz about it. Are you ready? Then, here we go.
1. Where is Big Ben?
A) Edinburgh B) Cardiff C) London
2. How many countries are there in the United Kingdom?
A) Two B) Four C) Seven
3. Where were the Beatles from?
A) York B) Manchester C) Liverpool
4. When is Boxing Day celebrated?
A) December 26th B) November 26th C) January 26th
5. Who is the author of the Harry Potter books?
A) JK Rowling B) A. Christie C) William Shakespeare
6. What is a traditional English takeaway meal?
A) Spaghetti B) Fish and Chips C) Hotdogs
Well, I hope you’ve answered all the questions correctly. But what type of questions are they? What do they all have in common?
Yes, these are Wh-questions and they all start with Wh-words.
In the lesson today we’ll learn the following:
- what Wh-questions are and where to use them;
- the formation of these questions;
- ask and answer questions using Wh-questions.
The most common questions in English are often referred to as 'wh' questions. We use them to ask for information.
“Wh” questions begin with “wh” and include:
Where
When
Why
Which
What
Who
Whose
How is often included with these why questions, even though it does not begin with “wh”.
Which question word to use?
We use WHO to ask questions about people:
Who is calling?
Who will reach the phone first?
We use WHOSE to ask about possession:
Whose money is this? [or] Whose is this money?
Whose book is that? [or] Whose is that book?
Whose bags are those? [or] Whose are those bags?
We use WHAT to ask questions about things/objects:
What is making that sound?
What is inside?
We use WHICH to ask someone to choose something:
Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
I’ve got two books. Which do you want?
We can also use WHAT and WHICH with nouns:
What subjects did you study at school?
What newspaper do you read?
Which newspaper do you read – the Times or the Guardian?
Which book do you want?
Which one is yours?
WHY is used for a reason or explanation.
Why are you angry?
Why didn’t you go to the party?
WHERE is used for a place or location.
Where should I go?
Where do you live?
Where are my shoes?
WHEN is used when you want to know the time.
When can I go on vacation?
When do the shops open?
When is his birthday?
HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way).
How do you cook chicken?
How does he know the answer?
How can I learn English quickly?
With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:
How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)
How much time do you have to finish the test?
How much is the jacket on display in the window?
How much money do I need?
How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns).
How many days are there in April?
How many people live in this city?
How many brothers and sister do you have?
How often – refers to frequency.
How often do you visit your grandmother?
How often does she study?
How often are you sick?
How far – refers to distance.
How far is the university from your house?
How far is the bus stop from here?
How long – refers to time.
How long have they been married?
How long is the film?
How long have you been living in this country?
Now you know the basics, but questions are quite tricky. Let’s just go over the main rules.
We usually form wh-questions with:
What are you talking about?
Where did he come from?
How long have you lived in Spain?
or
Why should I go there?
What can we do for you?
When WHAT, WHO, WHICH or WHOSE is the subject or part of the subject, it comes before the main verb and we do not use an auxiliary.
We use the word order subject + main verb:
What fell off the wall?
Which horse won?
Who bought this?
Whose phone rang?
What happened? (subject – what)
Which looks better, this or that one? (subject – which)
Which restaurant does Oliver like most? (subject – Oliver; object – which)
What did they do after the restaurant? (subject – they; object – what)
Questions with phrasal verbs:
After WH words we often have a preposition at the end of the sentence:
Who were you out with?
What are you looking for?
Which university did you go to?
Who is speaking with?
Where does she come from?
What did he buy that for?
Here is an English grammar exercise to help you learn about when to use Question Words.
Complete the sentences with the appropriate question words.
1. ________ time is the party on the weekend?
a) How
b) What
c) Which
2. ________ is he always late to class?
a) Why
b) Who
c) What
3. _________ do your parents live?
a) What
b) Whose
c) Where
4. _________ size do you need – medium or large?
a) What
b) Which
c) How
5. __________ much do these jeans cost?
a) How
b) Where
c) Why
6. ___________ is your favourite singer?
a) When
b) Whose
c) Who
I hope you’ve got it. Here’s another tricky little test for you, then.
A cat killed a mouse and a dog killed the cat.
1 What killed the mouse?
2 What did the cat kill?
3 What killed the cat?
4 What did the dog kill?
(1 the cat, 2 the mouse, 3 the dog, 4 the cat).
Hopefully the information of the lesson was useful to you, guys!
Practise your grammar skills because practice makes perfect!
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